The Correlation between Iron Level and Schizophrenia: A Literature Review

  • Vanja Đuričić* Psychiatry Department, National Memorial Hospital “Dr. Juraj Njavro”, Vukovar, Croatia; University Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Study – Molecular Biosciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
  • Ana Mitka University Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Study – Molecular Biosciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Center Osijek, Croatia
  • Valentin Kordić University Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Study – Molecular Biosciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Osijek, Croatia
  • Sara Đuričić Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
  • Ivan Diklić County General Hospital Požega, Požega, Croatia
  • Melita Jukić Psychiatry Department, National Memorial Hospital “Dr. Juraj Njavro”, Vukovar, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric condition that, if not adequately treated, can affect functional limitations. The exact etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia remains unknown. Research suggests an interaction between many factors, including genetic susceptibility, environment and psychological processes. Specific authors describe the association of a valuable mineral in the human body, iron, with pathophysiological mechanisms and related etiological factors in the development of the severe mental illness of schizophrenia.

Iron has important roles in the human body and affects various physiological processes. Some studies have shown a connection between the dysregulation of iron levels and the development of different mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Abnormal levels of iron in a specific region of the brain have been observed in people with schizophrenia. Iron levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in combination with other genetic, environmental and dietary factors. Iron can also contribute to the better cognitive functioning of a patient with schizophrenia, and due to frequent malnutrition and undernourishment in this group of patients, it is crucial to take into account the need for routine hematological examinations and the determination of essential nutritional deficiencies.

Finally, our goals were to systematically review the literature published in the last two decades using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. We described the clinical aspects and etiological factors of schizophrenia. We determined whether schizophrenia can be associated with iron concentration disorders to recognize and identify potential patients with iron deficiency and treat them promptly in daily clinical practice.

Sažetak

Shizofrenija je složeno psihijatrijsko stanje koje, ako se ne liječi na odgovarajući način, može dovesti do funkcionalnih ograničenja. Točna etiopatogeneza shizofrenije još uvijek je nepoznata. Istraživanja upućuju na interakciju između mnogih čimbenika, uključujući genetsku osjetljivost, okoliš i psihološke procese. Pojedini autori opisuju povezanost željeza, kao vrijednoga minerala u ljudskom tijelu, s patofiziološkim mehanizmima i povezanim etiološkim čimbenicima u razvoju teške mentalne bolesti - shizofrenije.

Željezo ima važne uloge u ljudskom tijelu i utječe na različite fiziološke procese. Neke su studije pokazale povezanost između disregulacije razina željeza i razvoja različitih mentalnih poremećaja, uključujući shizofreniju. Abnormalne razine željeza u specifičnoj regiji mozga zapažene su kod osoba sa shizofrenijom. Razine željeza mogu doprinijeti patogenezi shizofrenije u kombinaciji s drugim genetskim, okolišnim i prehrambenim čimbenicima. Željezo također može doprinijeti boljoj kognitivnoj funkciji pacijenata sa shizofrenijom, te je zbog česte pothranjenosti i malnutricije kod te skupine pacijenata važno uzeti u obzir potrebu za rutinskim hematološkim pregledima i određivanjem osnovnih prehrambenih nedostataka.

Na kraju, naš je cilj bio sustavno pregledati literaturu o ovoj temi objavljenu u posljednja dva desetljeća koristeći PubMed i Google Scholar. Opisali smo kliničke aspekte i etiološke čimbenike shizofrenije. Odredili smo može li se shizofrenija povezati s poremećajima koncentracije željeza kako bismo prepoznali i identificirali potencijalne pacijente s nedostatkom željeza te ih pravovremeno liječili u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi.

Published
2024-07-18
Section
Articles